Refuges – Fitted
out underground passages
Introduction -Lamps - Technique photo - Plaster's stone-pit - Refuges - Roucy - Paris - Tuffeau's stone-pit - Naours -Mushroom bed
- Abyss of Fage - Unusual - Biblio et contact
The fitted out
underground passages offer generally (with multiple variants) the
following characteristics:
Hidden
or camouflaged entrances(entries);
Narrow
galleries, in width and man's height, dug in the cliff, with frequent
elbows with right angles, watched often by horizontal conduits (ex: holes of
aim) and ending in doors, disappeared today but marked with rebates of lock,
giving access to subterranean rooms
Subterranean
rooms were fitted out for the temporary environment with footpaths(banquettes)
and even the beds cut in the cliff, the alveoli for the lighting, nest,
sometimes egg-shaped pits (ex: silos) and vertical conduits (ex: airholes)
joining the surface. The access of these rooms is made in certain cases by very
narrow, more or less long necks (1 m about) leaving hardly the passage of a
man.
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See Pont-de-Ruan (passionnant !!!) |
With localisation and plan
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It
is about underground passages in the more or less geometrical forms, cut well
(as far as the cliff allows it), presenting a more or less complex plan where
alternate rooms and corridors. The entrance can be made by a well (or
artificially by a collapse) but the almost general rule is a descent which
could be sloping sweet or provided with stairs. This narrow corridor, about
0,75 m of wide, presents several successive elbows to right angle. At the
beginning of the descent the roof of the gallery can be bent in dry or built
stones or more simply formed by the juxtaposition of big stony paving stones
(of flint, for example , in Châtelleraudais).
The hypothesis generally supposed to
interpret the fitted out underground passages is that of the defence, that is
the civil defence. This hypothesis supports on the discovery of numerous tracks
of organization for animals (feeding dishes, hooks) but this in the first rooms
which can have been reused in recent times. One imagines easily that the
inhabitants of a hamlet or a village dug such underground passages to take
refuge with every raid of armed gangs bandits or Lords in perpetual fights.
Such shelters are known in the plains of the North of France (notably to
Naours, near Amiens) or in Turkey, where real subterranean cities are in the
course of study. The entrance, which could set in a wood or in a building,
masked time, the population waited in its shelter which the danger spends. (3)
La Celle-Saint-Avant, 1,600 km O.-N.-O. X = 469,900; Y = 226,700 (Sainte-Maure 7-8). J). 296, Château de la Tourballière, Ripault (André).
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Under
the ancient small manor house in ruins. One penetrates into this underground
passage by a descent bent in full round arch, which opens under the East angle
A first part of the work, almost completely sailed, contains a long cellar
window, also bent, of 0,50 m x 0,50 m, going back up towards the outside, two
small towers and a well with water. Beyond, a corridor cut in the cliff leads
to a first fork over which part a new cellar window built by oblong section
of 0,30 m X 0,60 m. On one side, one is brought to a big lengthened room ( F
), where from part a cranked corridor leading to a cat flap of 0,45 m X 0,50
puts 0,70 m of length which results in a small oval room provided with two air
holes. On the other side, a part of the corridor, blocked in G, was
controlled by a horizontal hole of aim stemming of one alveolus of the room
F. A last room ( H ) contains one alveolus where from left maybe another
conduit today damaged. This underground passage is regrettably blocked by
elevations which should hide many other elements of the structure or its
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PONT-DE-RUAN — Le Château
Robin
Pont-de-Ruan 1,500 km O. - N.-O. X = 465,380 ; Y = 253,220 (Langeais 3-4). A 272, Château-Robin, Guyon de Montlivault (René).
In the hillside right bank of the Indre, in some 50m of the river, at the edge of the C.D.84. It is the most ancient work described by the region and, indispensably also, the most complex with its four floors, dug largely in a bad limestone molded by kidney of flint.
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Three
current openings were situated at the level of the road, it of the middle ( A
) is the only one who answers a "functional" interpretation of the
bottom of the work. This entrance, doubtless reshaped today, closed by a door
the track of the girder of which remains in the ceiling, and gave access to a
first big room B by a cat flap of 0,60 m X 0,40 m, opened to height and supplied
with a hole of just aim close. The other current passages, which would not
conceive together with the cat flap, should be opened afterward. This room B,
of about 10 m of length and containing a pillar communicates by a shrunk
passage provided with rebates with another room C, more spread still and also
with pillar of retaining structure. At the bottom, a stair sinks in trench
into the ground and the conduit has a narrow corridor, cranked and lowered at
the beginning, then sinuous and higher (1,70 m) afterward. It is the famous
difficult and flooded corridor which left me so bad recollections and which,
in fact, conceals only 0,50 m of water on a length about 20 m. After a total
development of around thirty metres, it succeeds has a neck of the most
typical, of 0,50 m x 0,55 m of section and 0,90 m of length, which results in
a big terminal room has two distant pillars, of 8,50 m x 8 m in the biggest
dimensions. However
now we return has the first room B, we find a small cranked corridor has
there the East which leads, after rebate, to a room E. It opens there an
ascending corridor, with a stair so to speak lived it, which leads to a
superior room ( F ). At the bottom of this one, a small lowered gallery ends in a vertical neck of
0,60 m X 0,45 m which leads to the highest floor of the work.
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This last one, very damaged, is
reduced to an entrance cubit opened on the hillside and provided with two
systems of successive, leading rebates today, on one hand in the vertical
neck above, on the other hand , in a lateral entrance to a big irregular, disembowelled
room and partially destroyed by enormous collapses. To note a hole of aim
next to the entrance. The other portions of cavities remain visible, giving
evidence of extensions of this superior level and maybe communications with
the other bottoms. It exists notably under masses of fallen rocks, rests of a
rather important room. |
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It
is not possible to dissociate this work of the "Mound" situated
just above on the edge of the table-land, the clod of defence surrounded with
two wide and deep ditches and with a vallum half-circular enormous covering
the fortification side table, while it overhangs the abrupt hillside towards the Indre and orders all the
valley. It adorned very likely that the communication was assured, between
the clod and the tops of the underground passage, by a device of escalation
hidden in branches along the hillside, where see each other superimposed holes
probably having answered this end. In summary, subterranean which although
amputated in its tops and enough bank up in the bottom, takes on for the
region an exceptional interest by the complexity of its vertical structure
and by its association in a remarkable feudal site of defence.
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Introduction -Lamps - Technique photo - Plaster's stone-pit - Refuges - Roucy - Paris - Tuffeau's stone-pit - Naours -Mushroom bed
- Abyss of Fage - Unusual - Biblio et contact